Neuroendoscopy
The fellow will be familiar with the various types of endoscopes and be able to assess the differences in their capabilities, know when to use a flexible or a rigid scope, how to handle the various endoscopic instruments and fixation devices and set up the video chain in order to visualise, as well as record, procedures. He/she will appreciate the various aspects of setting up the operating suite and positioning the patient optimally. The fellow will appreciate the applications, the techniques, results and complications of endoscopy. He/she will be able to remove intraventricular tumours, such as colloid cysts, perform third ventriculostomy in all clinical settings, simplify complex hydrocephalus, manage arachnoid cysts and other extra-axial cysts, use the endoscope to assist in visualisation of extra-axial tumours and vascular malformations, remove pituitary tumours and other skull base lesions, both extra and intradural, purely endoscopically, perform endoscopic biopsy of tumours and evacuation of clots both intraventricular and intracerebral, perform microvascular decompression and other endoscopic procedures.

Other Minimally Invasive Techniques
The fellow will be familiar with the selection of patients for and be able to perform different keyhole craniotomies e.g. the supraorbital craniotomy for parasellar and suprasellar pathology, the retrosigmoid keyhole craniectomy for diseases in the cerebellopontine angle and the subtemporal craniectomy for lesions in the middle cranial fossa and upper clivus.